​​​​The American Urological Association (AUA) recommends metabolic testing for individuals at high risk of stone formation and for those who have experienced one or more stones. A cornerstone of this evaluation is the 24-hour urine collection.

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This test, conducted conveniently at home with a physician's order, involves collecting urine in a provided container over a full 24-hour period. The sample is then submitted to a laboratory for comprehensive analysis. Upon receipt of the results, the ordering physician interprets the findings, which can be extensive.

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The analysis measures various components within the urine, including total volume, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, ammonium, chloride, sulfate, urea nitrogen, uric acid, and cystine. Critically, it also assesses supersaturations, which can indicate an elevated risk for specific stone types, such as calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, or uric acid stones.

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Given the complexity of the data generated by metabolic testing, it is essential to consult with a physician experienced in kidney stone prevention for accurate interpretation and personalized guidance. These specialists may include urologists, nephrologists, and primary care physicians with expertise in this area.